South sudan is a member state of the united nations, the african union, and the common market for eastern and southern africa. Citizenship and state succession in the sudans open. The reason why the new sudan nationality law is ineffective is because nationality issues are organized by federal laws and legislation. And following an april national elections process marred by irregularities, and alleged human. The lra abducted persons, including children, in southern sudan see section 1. On the igadled peace process for south sudan from 20 to 2015. Observing the 2011 referendum on the selfdetermination of. South sudan relied on oil for approximately 98% of its revenues before it turned the taps off, and the drastic nature of the decision underlies the intensity of the deadlock in negotiations. Motives for writing constitution preamble we, the people of south sudan, grateful to the almighty god for giving the people of south sudan the wisdom and courage to determine their destiny and future through a free, transparent and peaceful referendum in accordance with the provisions of the comprehensive peace agreement, 2005. After the oil shutdown, the rhetoric escalated on both sides, resulting in fresh clashes in february, march, and april 2012. Action in this area is urgent due to the effects of climate change and the increasing pressures on the environment caused by the resettlement of people returning to south sudan after the war. More broadly, dr mcveigh has extensive experience of working internationally, including.
Opportunities and challenges for africas newest country congressional research service 3 to the government of sudan s rejection of agreements on abyei. The referendum that led to southern secession is only the first step of a long and difficult journey for the south that will hopefully lead to an inclusive and genuine democracy. A version of the constitution was ratified on 7 july 2011 by the south sudan legislative assembly. However, when devising policies the ssrc should consult. Chatham house on south sudan the royal institute of. Paguot thudan is a landlocked country in eastcentral africa. A peace agreement was signed between the government and six opposition factions in 1997. Important small steps toward south sudan referendum. African union high level ad hoc committee on south sudan south africa, algeria, chad, nigeria and rwanda, and it will look at the number and boundaries of states in south sudan. Concluding observations and recommendations on the 4. Full text views reflects the number of pdf downloads. Research parameters public opinion research in south sudan since 2004 twelfth study qualitative research ordinary southern sudanese citizens perceptions, not reality scope of research 67 groups in southern sudan. Constitution of the republic of south sudan, 2011 the national legislative assembly, with the assent of the president, hereby enacts the following.
Furthermore, as most of the new sudan laws were passed by the southern sudan legislature into law, there is good reason to believe that it would do similarly with regard to the new sudan nationality act. A simultaneous referendum was supposed to be held in abyei on whether to become part of southern sudan but it was postponed due to conflict over demarcation and residency rights. There are no universally applicable procedural standards under international law for independence referenda. A main argument is that its political economy is fundamentally atypical. This ordinance was repealed by the sudan nationality act 1957.
Report of sudan, which was presented at the fortyfifth ordinary session, held from to 27 may 2009, in banjul, the gambia, that is, the improved security in the darfur region. Upon achieving independence, south sudan selected english as its official language, in part to separate itself from arabic, which was seen as the language of oppression. South sudan plans to join the commonwealth of nations, the east african community, the international monetary fund, and the world bank. Torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment. National council parliament, the abyei referendum referendum act and the popular consultation of south kordofan and blue nile. Practice, the george washington university judy ansley. South sudan since 15 december 20, which has had such disastrous economic, political and social consequences for the people of south sudan. The south sudan referendum on secession on 9 january 2011 was a huge exercise in voter registration.
Abyei is a disputed region between sudan and south sudan that, according to agreements between the two governments, is to be jointly administered until a referendum on the final status of the area is held. Constitution inc of 2005 including the passage of new laws such as the child act, the press and printed materials act, the southern sudan referendum act, the popular consultation for blue nile and south kordofan states act and the abyei referendum act. Sudan routine interference in the performance of their. South sudan is a sovereign and independent republic, and it shall be known as. After south sudanese independence, the united nations established the. South sudan s civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. Particularly congratulates sudan for the peaceful conduct of the referendum, following which led to the creation of the state of south sudan. The southern sudan referendum commission ssrc develops the regulatory framework to implement the law and clarify issues related to the referendum process. Citizenship rules in sudan and postsecession problems. International actors concerned about sudan s future, including the united this study examines the extent and the sources of genderbased violence in southern sudan and. It comprises the southern portion of what is now the republic of sudan1, which until the south s secession was the largest country on the african continent. Institute for security studies on south sudan pretoria, south africa time for sanctions against south sudan.
Transitional constitution of the republic of south sudan tcrss 2011 as amended, and the parties have pledged publicly their commitment to implement the rarcss in letter and spirit. An overview of the legal system and legal research in the republic of south sudan by paul mertenskoetter and dong samuel luak paul mertenskoetter is a juris doctor candidate at the new york university school of law. In january 2011, south sudan held a peaceful and transparent referendum on southern secession or unity, as called for in the. He noted that while the constitution gives the commission twenty four months to prepare for the referendum in practice it only has six months at its disposal. The referendum on independence from sudan passed with more than 98 per cent of the south sudanese vote. Maarij foundation for peace and development report. The site includes information about the south sudan referendum act of 2009 and their referendum awareness campaign. It comprises the southern portion of what is now the republic of sudan1, which until the souths secession was the largest country on the african continent. Preventive diplomacy and the southern sudan independence. First anniversary of independence time to act for peace. While the cpa symbolised the beginning of the souths longoverdue journey to democratic and economic prosperity natsios 2005.
Given the predominance of activities in the south during the referendum, the ssrc. In practice, there is no standardized procedure for admission to the bar presently operating in south sudan. Like the independence referendum in south sudan 2011, but unlike the referendum in timor leste 1999, the forthcoming referendum in bougainville is a result of a negotiated settlement between leading players from both sides of the political divide. The southern sudan referendum act of 2009 provides the basic legal framework for. First anniversary of independence time to act for peace and. South sudan s leader salva kiir added to the conciliatory mood by promising to help the north campaign for the cancellation of its crippling debts and the.
Customary law and land rights in south sudan information, counseling and legal assistance icla project. International actors concerned about sudans future, including the united this study examines the extent and the sources of genderbased violence in southern sudan and analyzes the ability of gbv survivors to secure justice. Repeal and saving any existing legislation in south sudan, that governs the same matters as set forth in this act, are hereby repealed or cease to operate in south sudan. Dec 19, 2011 meanwhile, just after the separation of the two states, the national assembly of the republic of sudan adopted amendments to the 1994 sudan nationality act that take sudanese nationality from any person who the government of khartoum believes has the nationality of south sudaneven though dual nationality with other states has in fact been. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service 1 background south sudan emerged in 2011 as the worlds newest country, and one of its least developed.
The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 naivasha agreement between the khartoum central government and the sudan peoples liberation armymovement. Lessons in mediation from south sudans troubled peace process. The southern sudan referendum act of 2009 provides the basic legal framework for conducting the southern sudan referendum on whether the north will remain united with the north or secede in the region and other locations. A referendum was held in january 2011 and resulted in a 98. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 naivasha agreement between the khartoum central government and the sudan peoples liberation armymovement splam. Important small steps toward south sudan referendum posted by amanda hsiao on june 29, 2010 the body charged with administering south sudan s vote on secession or unity was finally approved yesterday in a unanimous vote by the sudanese parliament after months of disagreement and delays. The local government act, 2009 south sudan humanitarian. All voters must enjoy the exercise of their right to express freely their opinion.
Violations of rights and harmful traditional practices. South sudan s leader salva kiir added to the conciliatory mood by promising to help the north campaign. Sudan referendum result confirmed world news the guardian. Learning from sudans 2011 referendum united states institute of. With around half a million people across eastern and northern africa, europe, north america and australia signing up to vote, the registration process demanded for the first time a practical, working definition of who is south. Cpa alert 2 state of sudans comprehensive peace agreement. Pursuant to the provisions of the interim constitution of the republic of the sudan 2005, the national legislature adopted the following act, which is signed by the president of the republic. Enhance the general understanding of customary law and practice as it relates to land in south sudan. Established under provisions in the southern sudan referendum act of. However, a number of laws still exist with provisions which frustrate the full realization of. Dec 08, 2010 the deal gave south sudan autonomy and its people the right to selfdetermination through a referendum on independence after six years. Title and commencement this act shall be cited as the national security service act, 2014 and shall come into force on the date of its signature by the president.
South sudans constitution of 2011 with amendments through 20. The south sudan refugee act provides for protection of refugees as well as the granting of asylum and refugee status. International peace institute on south sudan new york a poisoned well. Concluding observations and recommendations on the 4 periodic. The southern sudan referendum act united nations mission in sudan what is the southern sudan referendum act. In the december 31, 2009 passed parliament of southern sudan referendum act came into. He also has experience of working in preparation for referendum processes in sudan, ireland, northern ireland, scotland and the uk. Dong samuel luak is the secretarygeneral of the south sudan law society.
Starting a business this topic measures the number of procedures, time, cost and paidin minimum capital requirement for a small to mediumsized limited liability company to start up and formally operate in each economys largest business city. The act drew on the criteria applied in the referendum on independence to attribute south sudanese nationality to individuals with one parent, grandparent or greatgrandparent born in south sudan, to individuals belonging. South sudans 2008 child act forbids the use of child soldiers. Political parties act 2000, but the government frequently attacks members of the opposition. Sudan referendum fact sheet united nations peacekeeping. Under the advocates act 20, in order to be entitled to practice as an advocate in south sudan, one must be a citizen of good character, hold a law degree or any other higher qualifications from a recognized university or legal. This act shall be cited as bank of south sudan act, 2011 and shall come into force on the date of its signature by the president. After almost 40 years of war between the sudan government and southern insurgents, southern sudanese voted in a january 2011 referendum to secede from sudan. A referendum took place in southern sudan from 9 to 15 january 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of sudan or become independent. Profoundly regretting the suffering and distress caused to the people of south sudan by the conflict ongoing in south sudan since 15 december 20 and apologising unconditionally to. Southern sudan independence referendum, 2011 ballotpedia.
The referendum law states that the ssrc shall be financially, administratively and technically independent and have the authority to organize and conduct the referendum in southern sudan and other locations as specified by law. It came into force on the day of independence of south sudan 9 july 2011 after being signed by the president of the republic. The transitional constitution of the republic of south. Pdf popular defence forces pdoc petrodar operating company. Sudan page 4 of 36 intertribal abductions of women and children in the south continued. The details of the agreement will be disseminated all across south sudan.
Citizenship and state succession in the sudans open society. Printed by ministry legal affairs and constitutional development, by order of the government. The scottish independence referendum in an international. Ara abyei referendum act arc abyei referendum commission arfp abyei referendum facilitation panel.
Summary of agreements between sudan and south sudan notes from signing ceremony, addis ababa, 27 september 2012 the republic of sudan and the republic of south sudan signed nine agreements on a range of issues that they have been negotiating since 2010 initially in accordance with the post referendum arrangements. Southern sudan referendum 2011 better life, better. It gained independence from the republic of the sudan in 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state with widespread recognition. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement of 2005 and later efforts to ensure a smooth. Mar 31, 2020 southern sudan talk about everything like home improvement, automotive, and news by our expert which will help you better life, better everything. The right to a nationality and the secession of south sudan. People of south sudan equate referendum to independence, vp. Act contract act 2008 laws of southern sudan the contract act, 2008 chapter i preliminary provisions 1.
Southern sudan talk about everything like home improvement, automotive, and news by our expert which will help you better life, better everything. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. However, in contemporary comparative practice, a minimum requirement has emerged for clarity of both the winning majority and the referendum question. Southern sudan referendum 2011 better life, better everything.
South sudan post referendum study referendum study preliminary findings. The ordinance abolished the then general rule and practice that anyone who was subject to sudanese jurisdiction was sudanese. Summary of agreements between sudan and south sudan. Mcveigh participated in a joint irish south african mission in timorleste in the run up to its referendum. Justice africa on south sudan london, uk voices of south sudan.
Maarij foundation for peace and development report on. In late december 2009, the sudan national assembly passed the south sudan and abyei referendum act. The constitution replaced the existing 2005 interim constitution of southern sudan. After a period of over fifty years dominated by wars. South sudan 2012 human rights report executive summary south sudan is a republic operating under a transitional constitution signed into law upon declaration of independence from sudan on july 9, 2011. A southern sudan independence referendum occurred on january 9, 2011, in south of sudan as a part of the peace agreement reached in 2005 results show that this measure was approved by a vote of 98.
Opportunities and challenges for africas newest country congressional research service 1 introduction on july 9, 2011, south sudan officially declared independence. Introduction on july 9, 2011, africa witnessed the birth of the worlds newest nation. The government allowed refugees from a variety of countries to settle and generally did not treat refugees differently from other foreigners. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 naivasha agreement between the khartoum central government and the sudan peoples liberation armymovement splam a simultaneous referendum was supposed to be held in abyei on whether. South sudans constitution of 2011 with amendments through. Within 90 days, the ibc will deliver its final say on the number of states and boundaries, and. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan.